Nhanganyaya
Mvura ndiyo inonyanya kukosha inotsigira budiriro yevanhu, kugadzirwa kwekurima, uye kufambira mberi kwemaindasitiri. Zvakadaro, kune yakawanda yenhoroondo yemazuva ano, maratidziro ekugovera mvura mumadhorobha akashanda nekusaonekwa kunoshamisa maererano nemashandisirwo chaiwo, kurasikirwa kwehurongwa, uye kugona kugovera. Sezvo huwandu hwepasi rose hunowedzera, nzvimbo dzemumaguta dzinowanda, uye kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze kunochinja nhoroondo yehydrological mapatani, kuyerwa chaiko kwemvura kwachinja kubva pabasa rekutanga remakanzuru re accounting kuita mbiru yakakosha yekuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza uye kupona kwehupfumi. Chimbo chekutanga chakapihwa basa rekuvhara mukaha uyu pakati pekupa uye kudiwa ndiyo mita yemvura. Pasina kuyerwa chaiko, zvishandiswa hazvigone kudzoreredza mutengo wekushandisa, vatengi havagone kuyera kuedza kwavo kuchengetedza, uye kudonhedza kwezvivakwa zvakavanzwa kunogona kuenda kusingaonekwe kwemwedzi yakawanda, vachiparadza mamirioni emarita emvura yakacheneswa.
Kwemakumi emakore anoverengeka apfuura, tekinoroji yakamisikidzwa mukati memamita emvura yakave nekushanduka kukuru. Indasitiri yakawedzera kubva pakutsamira pazviridzwa zvemakina kusvika pakugamuchidzwa kwema sensors emagetsi emagetsi uye akabatana zvizere, akangwara data node. Nhasi, musika wakakamurwa zvakanyanya kuita matatu akasiyana tekinoroji paradigms: mechaniki, dijitari, uye smart mvura mita. Chikamu chega chega chinomiririra nguva yakasiyana yekuvandudzwa kweinjiniya, uye chimwe nechimwe chinopa mabhenefiti akasiyana ne-zvekutengesa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo, kugona kwemari, uye kugadzirira kwezvivakwa zvemanisiparata ari kutumira kana sangano rekutengesa. Kunzwisisa kusiyana uku kwakakosha kumamaneja emvura emazuva ano, mainjiniya, uye varidzi vezvivakwa vari kutsvaga ramangwana-humbowo hwemafambisirwo avanoparadzira uye kufambisa simba rine musoro nezviwanikwa.
Mechanical Water Meters: Nguva-Yakaedzwa Workhorses
Kweanopfuura zana ramakore, mekiniki emvura mamita akashanda sehwaro husingapokane hwepasi rose kuyerwa kwemvura zvivakwa. Midziyo iyi inotsamira chose pasimba remuviri remvura inoyerera kutyaira iyo yemukati meshini, iyo inoshandura nhevedzano yemagiya akabatana nerejitari yemuviri kana kudhiraivha kumeso kwemamita. Nekuti anoshanda pane zvakangoita hydraulic uye mechanical nheyo, mamita aya haadi ekunze magetsi emagetsi kana mabhatiri emukati kuti ashande. Izvi zvinoita kuti vakwanise kusimba munzvimbo dziri dzoga, dzekumaruwa, kana dzepasi pevhu umo magadzirirwo emagetsi asipo zvachose.
Mechanical water meters anowanzo patsanurwa kuita maprimary sub-categories zvichienderana nekuti anodyidzana sei nembiru yemvura: displacement metres uye velocity metres. Displacement metres, inowanzonzi yakanaka yekutamisa mita, yakawandisa munzvimbo dzekugara. Dzinoshanda nekuisa mvura nemukamuri yekuyeresa yevhoriyamu inozivikanwa. Mvura inopfuura inomanikidza chikamu chemukati, senge nutating disc kana oscillating piston, kutenderera kakawanda. Kutenderera kwega kwega kunoenderana nehuwandu hwemvura yakapfuura nemukamuri. Mamita aya akanyanya kurongeka pakuyera kudzika kusvika pakati pemazinga ekuyerera, zvichiita kuti ave akakodzera kutora kushandiswa kwemba uko mvura inodhonzwa mune zvishoma, zvidiki.
Velocity metres, kune rumwe rutivi, kuyera kumhanya kwembiru yemvura kuburikidza nenzvimbo inozivikanwa-yechikamu kuti uverenge huwandu hwehuwandu. Mienzaniso yakajairika inosanganisira turbine, multi-jet, uye Woltman metres. Mumidziyo iyi, mvura inomanikidzira impeller yemukati kana turbine vhiri kutenderera nekumhanya kwakanangana nevelocity yekuyerera. Velocity metres inokwirisa mumigwagwa yekutengeserana, maindasitiri, uye nemanisipala apo mvura zhinji inofamba nekumhanya.
Kufarirwa kusingaperi kwemamita emvura emvura kunobva mukusimba kwavo kwakasarudzika, rekodhi rekodhi rekuvimbika, uye mutengo wakaderera wekutanga wekutenga. Nekudaro, ivo vane hunhu hwekusagadzikana hunowedzera kunetsa mune zvemazuva ano utility manejimendi. Nekuti iwo ane zvikamu zvinofamba, michina yemamita inotambura nekupfeka kusingadzivisike kwemuviri uye kubvaruka pamusoro pehupenyu hwakareba hwekushanda. Sezvo magiya emukati, mapistoni, kana mabearings achidzikira, mita inorasika kurongeka, nguva zhinji iri pasi-pakunyoresa huwandu chaihwo hwemvura inodyiwa. Izvi zvinotungamira kukuwanda kwemvura isingabhadharwe, inowanzo zivikanwa sekuti isiri-mvura yemubhadharo, inomiririra kurasikirwa kwemari zvakananga kune zvishandiso. Pamusoro pazvo, mamechanical metres anogona kusvibiswa zviri nyore kana kukuvadzwa zvachose nejecha, ngura, kana zvimwe zvimedu zvinomiswa mumvura, uye kuvimba kwadzo nemadhizaini anoda kushanda nesimba,{8}kunoitwa nevanhu{9}}ne{10}}kuunganidza data remumba.
Digital Water Meters: The Electronic Transition
Kukunda zvipimo zvemuviri uye kuderedzwa kwechokwadi kwakabatana nezvikamu zvinofamba, indasitiri yekutonga yemvura yakagadzira madhijitari emvura mamita, anowanzonzi static kana emagetsi emvura metres. Zviridzwa izvi zvinobvisa zvachose mapistons emukati, madhisiki, nemaimpellers ekare, opting panzvimbo yezvakasimba-zvinonzwa zvemagetsi zvinoyera kuyerera kwemvura zvichishandisa misimboti yemhando yepamusoro neacoustic. Nekubvisa zvinhu zvese zvinofamba kubva mugwara remvura, mamita emvura edhijitari anoderedza zvakanyanya kusakara, nekuona kuti mudziyo unochengetedza fekitori yacho-yakakwenenzverwa muurefu hwehupenyu hwayo hwese hwekushanda, iyo inowanzotora makore gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri.
Iwo maviri makuru matekinoroji anosimbisa madhijitari emvura mamita ndeye electromagnetic uye ultrasonic kuyerwa. Electromagnetic water metres inoshanda pamisimboti yeFaraday's Law yeElectromagnetic Induction. Iyo mita inogadzira nzvimbo ine magineti mukati meiyo inoyerera chubhu. Sezvo mvura, iyo yakasikwa ine conductive ions, inoyerera kuburikidza neiyi magineti, inoita kuti magetsi emagetsi aenderane nevelocity yemvura. Maelectrode anonzwira tsitsi anotora iyi voltage, uye microprocessor yemukati inoishandura kuita inoshamisa inoshamisa volumetric kuyerera mwero. Electromagnetic metres akasimba zvakasarudzika uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri ekushandisa uye kutonga kwemvura yetsvina nekuti nzira yavo yekuyerera isina kuvharika inobvumira zvinwiwa zvinoremerwa nezvinorema zvakamira zvakamira kana marara kuti zvipfuure pasina kukuvadza kana kuvhara.
Ultrasonic water meters anoshandisa-frequency sound waves kuona mayerera. Midziyo iyi inoratidzira mapeya eacoustic transducers akamira akatarisana mukati mepombi. Imwe transducer inotumira chiratidzo che ultrasonic pasi perwizi apo imwe inotumira chiratidzo kumusoro. Nguva yekufambisa yemasaisai eruzha inofamba nekuyerera kwemvura ipfupi pane nguva yekufambisa yemasaisai inofamba ichipikisana nayo. Nekuverenga iyi minuscule mutsauko munguva nekunyanya kurongeka, iyo yemukati yemagetsi yedunhu inosarudza kumhanya chaiko kwemvura.
Digital mvura metres inopa zvinoshamisa mabhenefiti pamusoro pemadziteteguru avo emuchina. Ivo vane huremu hwakapamhama hwekuyeresa, zvichireva kuti vanogona kuona uye kurekodha zvakadzika zvakanyanya kuyerera, senge inononoka, inodonha faucet, iyo inotadza kunyoresa pamakina mita. Izvo zvakare hazvikuvadzwe kubva kune yakaturikwa sediment nejecha. Nekudaro, shanduko kune tekinoroji yedhijitari inounza kufunga kutsva. Digital metres inotsamira chose pamabhatiri emukati kuti ape simba masensa avo, processors, uye dijitari liquid crystal kuratidza. Kana bhatiri rikatadza kushanda nguva isati yakwana nekuda kwekunyanya kupisa kwezvakatipoteredza, mita inomira-kusashanda zvachose. Pamusoro pezvo, mamita edhijitari anodhura kutenga pakutanga, uye zvinhu zvawo zvemagetsi zvinonzwisa tsitsi zvinogona kuve panjodzi yekukanganiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi kana kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kumakomba anoora, akazara nemvura epasi pevhu kana zvisimbiso zvemba zvikakanganiswa.
Smart Water Meter: Iyo Yakabatana Architecture ye AMI uye AMR
Nepo madhijitari mamita achigadzirisa matambudziko ekupfeka kwemuviri uye nemazvo, smart mamita emvura anogadzirisa kudiwa kwakakosha kwekutaurirana kwedata uye systemic yekubatanidza. Meta yemvura yakangwara ndeyepamusoro-yakanyatso mechanical kana dijitari mita yakasanganiswa neshopu{{2}yemagetsi ekutaurirana module. Module iyi inobvumira mita kuti iite senge inoshingaira, ine hungwaru data node mukati memasipalati yakakura kana chivako network, kushandura kuyerwa kwemvura kubva kune kwakasarudzika, chiitiko chemwedzi nemwedzi kuita chinoramba chichienderera,{4}}chaicho nguva yedata inogoneka.
Iko shanduko yemamita emvura akangwara masisitimu anowanzo kutariswa kuburikidza maviri ekushanda masisitimu: Automated Meter Kuverenga, inozivikanwa se AMR, uye Advanced Metering Infrastructure, inozivikanwa seAMI. Kuverenga otomatiki Meter inomiririra danho rekutanga kuenda kumazuva ano. Muchirongwa cheAMR, smart mita inoramba ichitepfenyura data rayo nekushandisa nguva pfupi-maredhiyo eredhiyo. Pane kuti ufambe uchienda kugomba rega rega remamita kuti uverenge dial, vashandi vanogona kungotyaira vachidzika mumugwagwa nemotokari-inogashira kana kufamba vachipfuura nemidziyo ine ruoko. Iyo sisitimu inoburitsa data pasina waya pavanenge vachipfuura. Nepo AMR ichiwedzera zvakanyanya kumhanya kwekuunganidza data uye kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwevashandi, inoramba iri nguva nenguva, inoshanda nzira yekuunganidza data.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure inomiririra iyo yepamusoro yemazuva ano smart water tekinoroji. AMI inogadza yekusingaperi, yakagadziriswa, bidirectional yekukurukurirana network munzvimbo yese yebasa. Smart water metres muAMI network usamirire kupfuudzwa nemota; pachinzvimbo, ivo vanozvimirira vanoendesa data rakadzama rekushandisa nguva nenguva, senge awa yega yega, kumaseva epakati ekushandisa. Kubatana uku kunoitwa pachishandiswa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaderera{{3}dzemagetsi-netiweki yenzvimbo, kusanganisira nharembozha yeinternet yezvinhu, LoRaWAN, uye proprietary mesh radio network.
Iwo systemic mabhenefiti eiyo yakazara yakaiswa AMI yakangwara mvura mita network ine shanduko kune zvese zvinoshandiswa nevatengi. Nekuti data inofambiswa nguva nenguva, zvishandiso zvinogona kuita chaiyo-nguva yekuona leak algorithms. Kana smart metre yemutengi ichirekodha nguva dzose, isina kuvhiringwa kushandiswa kwemvura kwemaawa makumi maviri{3}mana akatevedzana, sisitimu inozivisa kusanzwisisika uku sekunge kubvinza uye inogona kutumira chenjedzo kumuridzi wemba otomatiki. Kupindira uku nekukurumidza kunodzivirira njodzi yekukuvadzwa kwepfuma uye kunochengetedza huwandu hukuru hwemvura yakacheneswa.
Zvakare, smart water metres inobvisa kudiwa kwevashandi vekushandisa kuti vapinde yakavanzika zvivakwa kuti vaverenge metres, ichidzikisa zvakanyanya mutengo wekushanda uye kuburitswa kwemotokari. Ivo zvakare vanogonesa vatengi nekuvabvumira kuti vapinde mumawebhusaiti ega ega kuti vatarise maitiro avo ezuva nezuva emvura, kuseta zvibodzwa zvekuchengetedza, uye kunzwisisa kwavo nharaunda tsoka munguva chaiyo.
Kuenzanisa Kuongorora uye Kusarudzwa Kwemaindasitiri
Kusarudza mita yemvura yakakodzera haisi nyaya iri nyore yekusarudza tekinoroji nyowani; asi, zvinoda kuongororwa kwakadzama kwekuwanikwa kwemari, mamiriro ekushanda, kunaka kwemvura, uye{0}}zvinangwa zvenguva refu. Kune mamwe madhorobha madiki kana matunhu emvura ekumaruwa ane mari shoma yemari uye mutengo wakaderera wevashandi, echinyakare mamecha emvura metres anoramba ari sarudzo inoshanda uye ine musoro. Mutengo wavo wakaderera wepamberi uye kureruka vanova nechokwadi chekuti vanogona kuchengetedzwa nevakawanda matekinoroji pasina kuda kudzidziswa kwesoftware kana cybersecurity protocol.
Zvisineyi, kana vekushandisa vakaongorora mutengo wakakwana wevaridzi mukati me-makore makumi maviri, gakava rezvemari rinowanzochinja richitsigira madigital uye smart water metres. Kunyange zvazvo mari yekutanga yekushandiswa kwemamita akangwara eAMI yakakwira zvakanyanya kudarika kuburitswa kwemuchina, nguva yakareba-yakachengetwa inogadzirwa nekubvisa basa rekuverenga mita nemaoko, kuderedza{3}}mvura yekuwana mari kuburikidza nekururama kwakawedzerwa, uye kuderedza kusawirirana kwevatengi nedata redhijitari chaiyo kunoratidza kuti mutengo wacho uripo.
Hunhu hwemvura hunorairawo kusarudzwa kwemidziyo. Mumatunhu ane mvura yemunisiparati ine yakakwira chiyero chezvicherwa, jecha rakanaka, kana tunhu tunhu, mamechanicha metres anoona kukurumidza kupfeka uye kutadza nguva isati yakwana. Munzvimbo idzi, kuisa mari mudigital ultrasonic kana electromagnetic metres kune pundutso, sezvo yakasimba-magadzirirwo adzo anoita kuti-nguva refu ishande zvisinei nekunetsa kwemvura. Chekupedzisira, kufambiswa kwakabudirira kwemamita emvura akangwara kunoenderana zvakanyanya nematunhu enharembozha. Chishandiso hachigone kukwidziridza simba reAMI kana nharembozha yemuno kana nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo iine mavara kana kana sangano risina ruzivo rwehunyanzvi hwekuvaka hunodiwa kuchengetedza, kuchengetedza, uye kuongorora kuwanda kwedata rekushandisa zuva nezuva.
Mhedziso
Kusandurwa kwemamita emvura kubva kune ekutanga, ari ega makaunda emakanika kuenda kune akabatana, akasimba-enyika data processor inoratidza chiitiko chakakosha mukuedza kwedu kwepasi rose kutonga zviwanikwa zvakakosha. Mechanical mvura metres anoenderera mberi nekuraira ruremekedzo rwekureruka kwavo kusingaenzaniswi uye kusimba kwekushanda kwakazvimirira, kushanda sechiyeuchidzo chekuti engineering yemuviri ichine kukosha kukuru. Saizvozvo, mamita emvura edhijitari akakwidziridza zviyero zveindasitiri zvehuchokwadi uye hupenyu hurefu nekutsiva zvikamu zvisina kusimba zvinofamba neakanyarara, chaiwo masaisai emagetsi. Kugara pamusoro pekushanduka uku, mamita emvura akangwara akabatanidza zviyereso izvi mumucheka wedhijitari weguta razvino rakangwara, achisimudzira nharaunda yekujeka kwakazara, kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba, uye nekukurumidza mhinduro yezvivakwa.
Sezvo maguta achiwedzera uye kushomeka kwemvura kunowedzera, kuvimba neakare, reactive data management system iri kukurumidza kuita umbozha husingagoneki. Kutorwa kwezvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvedhijitari uye zvemvura zvine hungwaru idanho rakakosha pakuvaka nharaunda dzinogadzikana,{1}}dzinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Nekudyara muhunyanzvi hwekuyera matekinoroji, nzanga inogona kubva pakushandisa zviwanikwa zviri nyore uye shanduko yakananga kune ramangwana rehungwaru, hwakaenzana, uye hunoshanda zvakanyanya hweutariri hwemvura.